软件工程之特性管理-feature-management-day-two

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Unleash 如何作为控制面板（Control Plane）与服务侧解耦

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  [Unleash Server]
     ↑        ↑
[Admin 配置] [监控回报]
     ↓        ↓
 ┌───────────────┐
 │ FeatureContext│ ← 用户属性、风险等级、时间窗口...
 └───────┬───────┘
		↓
 [业务服务] →  [新/旧逻辑分支]

以下是针对IT场景的五种Feature Flag类型的设计模式及代码实现，结合金融行业特有的安全性、合规性和高可用性要求：

1. Release Flags（新功能渐进发布）​

​​场景​​：手机银行APP新转账流程灰度发布
​​设计模式​​：客户分群策略 + 交易金额阈值控制

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// Spring Boot + Unleash (银行核心系统)
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/transfer")
public class TransferController {

    @PostMapping
    public ResponseEntity<TransferResponse> executeTransfer(
        @RequestBody TransferRequest request,
        @RequestHeader("X-Customer-Tier") String customerTier) {
        
        // 根据客户等级和金额阈值启用新流程（VIP客户且金额<50万）
        boolean isNewFlow = unleash.isEnabled(
            "new_transfer_flow",
            Map.of(
                "customerTier", customerTier,
                "amount", request.getAmount().toString()
            )
        );

        if (isNewFlow && request.getAmount().compareTo(new BigDecimal("500000")) < 0) {
            return newTransferService.execute(request); // 新风控引擎
        } else {
            return legacyTransferService.execute(request); // 原有逻辑
        }
    }
}

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// Unleash策略配置
{
  "name": "new_transfer_flow",
  "strategies": [
    {
      "name": "gradualRollout",
      "parameters": {
        "percentage": 20  // 首批开放20%VIP客户
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "remoteAddress",
      "parameters": {
        "IPs": "10.2.3.0/24"  // 仅内部测试网络可用
      }
    }
  ]
}

2. Experiment Flags（A/B测试）​

​​场景​​：信用卡还款页面UI优化实验
​​设计模式​​：哈希客户号分桶 + 实时埋点

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# Django + Unleash (银行前端系统)
from UnleashClient import UnleashClient

# 初始化Unleash客户端
unleash = UnleashClient(
    url="https://unleash.yourbank.com/api",
    app_name="credit_card_frontend",
    environment="production",
    custom_headers={"Authorization": "YOUR_API_KEY"}
)
unleash.initialize_client()

def credit_card_payment(request):
    customer_no = request.user.customer_no
    context = {
        "userId": customer_no,
        "properties": {
            "risk_level": get_risk_level(customer_no),  # 自定义上下文属性
            "country": request.user.country_code
        }
    }

    # 使用Unleash判断是否启用实验
    if unleash.is_enabled("credit_card_ui_v3", context):
        # 获取Variant（需要Unleash配置策略变体）
        variant = unleash.get_variant("credit_card_ui_v3", context)
        
        # 实时埋点（Unleash默认支持impression事件）
        track_event(
            event_type="UI_EXPERIMENT",
            customer_no=customer_no,
            experiment_variant=variant['name'],  # variant结构: {'name': 'assisted', 'enabled': True}
            page="credit_card_payment"
        )
        
        return render(f"payment_{variant['name']}.html")
    else:
        return render("payment_control.html")  # 默认UI

unleash 配置

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// Unleash Admin控制台配置
{
  "name": "credit_card_ui_v3",
  "enabled": true,
  "strategies": [
    {
      "name": "flexibleRollout",
      "parameters": {
		"rollout": 100,         // 100%流量参与
        "stickiness": "userId",  // 按用户ID固定分桶
        "groupId": "experiment"  // 实验分组
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "userWithId",
      "parameters": {
        "userIds": "12345,67890"  // 可指定白名单用户
      }
    }
  ],
  "variants": [
    {
      "name": "control",
      "weight": 50  // 权重50%
    },
    {
      "name": "simplified",
      "weight": 30  // 权重30%
    },
    {
      "name": "assisted",
      "weight": 20,  // 权重20%
      "payload": {
        "type": "json",
        "value": {"showTutor": true}  // 可携带额外参数
      }
    }
  ]
}

​3. Kill Switches（紧急熔断）​​

​​场景​​：大额转账系统异常熔断
​​设计模式​​：双通道触发 + 本地缓存强制更新

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// 初始化Unleash客户端（需提前配置）
import "github.com/Unleash/unleash-client-go/v3"

func init() {
    unleash.Initialize(
        unleash.WithUrl("https://unleash.yourbank.com/api"),
        unleash.WithAppName("payment_system"),
        unleash.WithCustomHeaders(http.Header{"Authorization": []string{"YOUR_API_KEY"}}),
    )
}

func ProcessLargeTransfer(transfer *pb.TransferRequest) (*pb.TransferResponse, error) {
    // 使用Unleash判断熔断状态
    ctx := unleash.Context{
        UserId:    transfer.UserId,
        Properties: map[string]string{
            "country":    transfer.CountryCode,
            "amount":     strconv.FormatInt(transfer.Amount, 10),
            "risk_level": getRiskLevel(transfer.UserId),
        },
    }
    
    if !unleash.IsEnabled("large_transfer_enabled", ctx) {
        audit.LogEmergencyEvent(transfer, "unleash_killswitch_activated")
        return nil, status.Error(codes.Unavailable, "服务临时维护")
    }
    
    // 正常处理逻辑...
}

unleash 配置

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// Unleash Admin控制台配置
{
  "name": "large_transfer_enabled",
  "enabled": true,
  "strategies": [
    {
      "name": "gradualRollout",
      "parameters": {
        "rollout": 100,  // 默认100%开启
        "stickiness": "userId"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "remoteAddress",
      "parameters": {
        "IPs": "10.2.3.0/24"  // 仅允许内网访问
      }
    }
  ],
  "variants": [],
  "dependencies": []
}

4. Operational Flags（系统迁移）​​

​场景​：核心账户系统数据库迁移
​设计模式​：影子流量对比 + 自动回退

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import io.getunleash.Unleash;
import io.getunleash.UnleashContext;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.HashMap;

public class AccountService {
    private final Unleash unleash;
    private final AuditLogger auditLogger;
    
    public AccountService(Unleash unleash, AuditLogger auditLogger) {
        this.unleash = unleash;
        this.auditLogger = auditLogger;
    }

    public Balance getBalance(String accountNo) throws BankSystemException {
        // 构建Unleash上下文
        UnleashContext context = UnleashContext.builder()
            .addProperty("accountType", getAccountType(accountNo))
            .addProperty("timeWindow", 
                java.time.LocalTime.now().getHour() < 6 ? "low-traffic" : "peak")
            .addProperty("accountNo", accountNo) // 用于单账户回退
            .build();
        
        boolean useNewDB = unleash.isEnabled("account_db_migration", context);
        
        try {
            Balance balance = useNewDB ? 
                newDbQuery(accountNo) : 
                legacyDbQuery(accountNo);
            
            // 影子流量比对
            if (useNewDB) {
                Balance legacyBalance = legacyDbQuery(accountNo);
                auditLogger.compareResults("balance_query", balance, legacyBalance);
            }
            
            return balance;
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            // 单账户回退（通过Unleash的个性化配置）
            Map<String, String> fallbackConfig = new HashMap<>();
            fallbackConfig.put("accountNo", accountNo);
            unleash.more().updateContext("account_db_migration", 
                "disableForAccount", fallbackConfig);
            
            throw new BankSystemException("DB_OPERATION_FAILED", ex);
        }
    }
    
    private Balance newDbQuery(String accountNo) {
        // 新数据库查询实现
    }
    
    private Balance legacyDbQuery(String accountNo) {
        // 旧数据库查询实现
    }
    
    private String getAccountType(String accountNo) {
        // 获取账户类型逻辑
    }
}

unleash 配置

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{
  "version": 1,
  "features": [
    {
      "name": "account_db_migration",
      "description": "银行核心系统数据库迁移开关",
      "enabled": true,
      "strategies": [
        {
          "name": "gradualRollout",
          "parameters": {
            "rollout": "30",
            "stickiness": "accountType",
            "groupId": "migration"
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "flexibleRollout",
          "parameters": {
            "rollout": "100",
            "stickiness": "timeWindow",
            "groupId": "low-traffic"
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "userWithId",
          "parameters": {
            "userIds": "disabled_account_1,disabled_account_2"
          }
        }
      ],
      "variants": [],
      "dependencies": [],
      "tags": [
        {
          "type": "banking",
          "value": "core-system"
        }
      ],
      "impressionData": true
    }
  ],
  "segments": [
    {
      "id": 1,
      "constraints": [
        {
          "contextName": "timeWindow",
          "operator": "IN",
          "values": ["low-traffic"],
          "caseInsensitive": false
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

5. Permission Flags（权限控制）​​

​场景​：企业网银大额审批功能
​设计模式​：RBAC + 实时权限同步

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import io.getunleash.Unleash;
import io.getunleash.UnleashContext;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/transfer")
public class TransferApprovalController {

    private final Unleash unleash;
    private final AuditLogger auditLogger;

    public TransferApprovalController(Unleash unleash, AuditLogger auditLogger) {
        this.unleash = unleash;
        this.auditLogger = auditLogger;
    }

    @PostMapping("/approve-large")
    public ResponseEntity<?> approveLargeTransfer(
            @RequestBody TransferRequest request,
            @RequestHeader("X-User-Info") String userInfo) {
        
        // 解析用户信息
        User user = parseUserInfo(userInfo);
        
        // 构建Unleash上下文
        UnleashContext context = UnleashContext.builder()
                .userId(user.getId())
                .addProperty("roles", String.join(",", user.getRoles()))
                .addProperty("amount", String.valueOf(request.getAmount()))
                .addProperty("branchCode", user.getBranchCode())
                .addProperty("currency", request.getCurrency())
                .build();

        // 检查权限
        boolean isApprovalAllowed = unleash.isEnabled("large_transfer_approval", context);

        if (!isApprovalAllowed) {
            auditLogger.logAccessViolation(user.getId(), "large_transfer_approval_denied", request);
            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN)
                    .body(new ErrorResponse("超出审批权限", "INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGES"));
        }

        // 执行审批逻辑
        return processApproval(request, user);
    }

    private User parseUserInfo(String userInfo) {
        // 解析JWT或其它用户信息
    }

    private ResponseEntity<?> processApproval(TransferRequest request, User user) {
        // 审批逻辑实现
    }
}

unleash admin 配置如下：

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{
  "version": 1,
  "features": [
    {
      "name": "large_transfer_approval",
      "description": "大额转账审批权限控制",
      "enabled": true,
      "strategies": [
        {
          "name": "userWithId",
          "constraints": [
            {
              "contextName": "roles",
              "operator": "STR_CONTAINS",
              "values": ["branch_manager"],
              "caseInsensitive": false
            },
            {
              "contextName": "amount",
              "operator": "NUM_LTE",
              "values": ["1000000"]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "default",
          "constraints": [
            {
              "contextName": "branchCode",
              "operator": "IN",
              "values": ["SHANGHAI", "BEIJING"],
              "caseInsensitive": true
            },
            {
              "contextName": "amount",
              "operator": "NUM_LTE",
              "values": ["5000000"]
            },
            {
              "contextName": "currency",
              "operator": "IN",
              "values": ["CNY", "USD"]
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "variants": [],
      "tags": [
        {
          "type": "security",
          "value": "high"
        }
      ],
      "impressionData": true
    }
  ]
}